In this book, Saurav Kumar Rai explores the different dimensions of the revivalist movement in Ayurveda, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh). He also examines the status of Ayurveda immediately following independence, when the anti-colonial nationalist context was no longer relevant. Rai employs a historiographical approach that examines the entire process through the lenses of culture, caste, class, community, religion, and gender. This approach offers a broader perspective compared to dominant styles that typically view the question from either a “resistance or acceptance of colonial dominance” point of view or from an exclusively “medical science” point of view. What makes the book unique is the diverse, historically significant sources the author relies on to draw his conclusions. These sources include vernacular documents such as newspapers, pamphlets, official circulars, speeches, interviews, and many more.