Kidney transplantation is generally considered the treatment of choice for end-stage renal patients who require renal replacement therapy. Renal transplantation from deceased donors is the most ethical and preferred method of kidney transplantation for treating end-stage renal failure. However, as the method becomes more widely used, a shortage of kidneys for transplant is growing. Since December 23, 1954, when the first kidney transplantation from a living donor was performed in the US between identical twins, this method has become increasingly common as a way to address the gap between demand and supply for kidney transplants worldwide.