Modern biology, also called molecular biology, biotechnology or genetic engineering, has witnessed many technological and conceptual advances over the past two decades. The foremost among these have been the Human Genome Project that enabled sequencing of not just our own genetic material, but also the genomes of many micro-organisms. However, as with any language, knowing the alphabet and being able to read it does not necessarily mean that we understand this genetic language. The next big step is to understand what our genes actually do.