n his lecture Science and Authority, first published in 1946, Michael Polanyi said,'Unless it is somehow assured that professional teachers and research workers will not lack scientific qualifications of a certain grade, the whole system of endowed scientific institution is bound to dissolve in chaos and corruption. The experience of undeveloped countries, where scientific opinion is imperfectly organised, teaches us that even a comparative slight weakening of scientific control can have marked deleterious effects on the integrity of scientific activities.'.