Indian women face covert violence before birth through sex pre-selection, and overt violence after conception through sex-selective abortion. While abortion is legal in India, sex-selective abortion is not. Amniocentesis, chorionic villus biopsy (CVB), sonography, ultrasound and imaging techniques are used to determine the sex of the foetus. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) clinics for assisted reproduction are approached by infertile couples to produce sons. This has resulted in a decline in the juvenile sex ratio and 60 lakh missing girls in the age group of 0-6 years, as per the Census of India, 2001.