India’s healthcare ambitions have led to a historic rise in the number of medical colleges and MBBS seats, expanding from 387 colleges in 2013–14 to over 808 in 2025–26, according to the Press Information Bureau [1]. While this expansion aims to correct the doctor-to-population imbalance, it has unintentionally created new challenges that threaten the quality of medical training.

The rapid creation of institutions has outpaced the growth of qualified faculty and teaching infrastructure. Reports indicate that nearly one-third of faculty positions remain vacant, especially in newer or rural colleges [2]. The National Medical Commission (NMC) has relaxed faculty recruitment norms and promotion criteria to fill these gaps, but experts warn this may dilute the rigor of undergraduate training. A BMJ commentary recently raised similar concerns, noting that easing qualifications to meet seat targets risks undermining both clinical supervision and ethical practice [3].

Students in some newly established colleges report limited clinical exposure due to low patient inflow and inadequate facilities. The emphasis on meeting inspection requirements, rather than nurturing competency-based learning, creates a system where degrees multiply, but skill acquisition lags behind [4]. This imbalance could worsen healthcare inequities if newly qualified graduates are insufficiently prepared to serve India’s complex clinical realities.

Expansion is necessary, but sustainability demands a parallel focus on quality assurance and mentorship [5]. Strengthening faculty development programmes, enforcing transparent infrastructure audits, and establishing a national mentorship network for new colleges could ensure that growth does not compromise standards. Policies that prioritise numbers alone risk producing doctors without adequate bedside confidence, an outcome that would defeat the very purpose of expanding medical education.

India’s future doctors deserve not just a seat, but a system that teaches them to heal with competence, ethics, and empathy. Growth must go hand-in-hand with quality, if we are to build a healthcare system worthy of our ambition.

Author: Syed Sahil Aman (sahilisme345@gmail.com), Final year MBBS student, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, INDIA.

Conflict of Interest: None declared                                                                                                                                                                                        Funding: None

To cite: Aman SS. Increasing medical colleges without quality training: a growing concern. Indian J Med Ethics. Published online first on March 11, 2026. DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.015

Submission received: November 9, 2025

Submission accepted: December 3, 2025

Copyright and license

©Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2026: Open Access and Distributed under the Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits only noncommercial and non-modified sharing in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.